Investigating techno-economic effects and environmental impacts of energy renovation of residential building clusters on a district heating system

Studying energy renovation of older residential building stocks together with the surrounding district heating (DH) system is essential to fully understand implications from a reduced heat demand and for involved actors. This study reveals benefit integrating simulation optimization tools OPERA-MILP, IDA ICE, MODEST investigate thoroughly effect strategies on load supply, DH system-based life cycle costs (LCCs), primary use, total direct indirect CO2 emissions. Energy considered different cluster combinations slab tower blocks stock 343 apartment buildings in two Swedish municipalities lowest LCC code compliance. Applied were validated verified including duration curves numerical accuracy. Results all aggregated clusters strategy compliance showed combined power production 35.7 GWh/a (heat) 6.5 (electricity), deceased use 36.2 reduction marginal emissions 8.4 kton/a mainly released biofuels substituting fossil fuels plants, increased 0.5 electricity mix, financial deficit owners, companies, industries respective 44, 33.9, 2.2 M€/50a.